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''Ostrinia furnacalis'' is a species of moth in the family Crambidae, the grass moths. It is known by the common name Asian corn borer. Its distribution extends from China to Australia. It is well known as an agricultural pest on several crops, especially corn. It is one of the worst corn pests in Japan and China.〔Huang, Y., et al. (1998). (Geographic variation in sex pheromone of Asian corn borer (''Ostrinia furnacalis'') in Japan. ) ''Journal of Chemical Ecology'' 24(12) 2079.〕 It has invaded corn crops in Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands.〔( Asian Corn Borer ''Ostrinia furnacalis''. ) Pest Tracker: National Agricultural Pest Information System. Purdue University.〕 It can be found in Java, Sulawesi, the Philippines, Borneo, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Micronesia. It is likely the worst pest insect on corn in the western Pacific region of Asia, and one of the worst pests overall, second only to maize downy mildew.〔Nafus, D. M. and I. H. Schreiner. (1991). (Review of the biology and control of the Asian corn borer, ''Ostrinia furnacalis'' (Lep: Pyralidae). ) ''Tropical Pest Management'' 37(1) 41-56.〕 This moth is a close relative of the European corn borer (''O. nubilalis''). ==Biology== This is apparently a species complex; other ''Ostrinia'' such as ''O. orientalis'', ''O. scapulalis'', ''O. zealis'' and ''O. zaguliaevi'' can occur with ''O. furnacalis'', and the taxa can be hard to tell apart.〔Kageyama, D., et al. (1998). (Female-biased sex ratio in the Asian corn borer, ''Ostrinia furnacalis'': Evidence for the occurrence of feminizing bacteria in an insect. ) ''Heredity'' 81 311–316.〕 The adult Asian corn borer is a moth with a wingspan of about 3.5 centimeters and yellow-brown with brownish lines. It lays a mass of about 25 to 50 eggs on plant leaves. The egg is half a millimeter long and white in color, turning black before emergence. The first-instar larva is pinkish with dark spots and a dark head. The late-instar larva is yellow-brown with dark spots and reaches up to 2.9 centimeters long.〔(What is Corn Borer? ) Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños.〕 The species sometimes has a skewed sex ratio; many female moths produce mostly female offspring. Some broods are entirely female. This thelygeny is probably caused by a bacterial infection that feminizes the male offspring. This is supported by evidence that antibiotic application produces all-male offspring broods. This is not unheard of; in other taxa such as wasps and various crustaceans, infection with ''Wolbachia'' can skew sex ratios.〔 During courtship, the male produces an ultrasound call by rubbing scales on its wings against scales on its thorax. The female responds to this signal by becoming motionless. This makes it easier for the male to mate. In another form of mating-related communication, the female produces sex pheromones.〔Takanashi, T., et al. (2010). (Variation in courtship ultrasounds of three ''Ostrinia'' moths with different sex pheromones. ) ''PLoS ONE'' 5(10).〕〔Nakano, R., et al. (2006). (Ultrasonic courtship song in the Asian corn borer moth, ''Ostrinia furnacalis''. ) ''Naturwissenschaften'' 93 292-96.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ostrinia furnacalis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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